Words / C1

ABSTR-akt/ˈæbstrækt/

As an adjective, abstract means existing as an idea rather than as a physical object: abstract concepts such as justice. Concrete is the opposite. Native writers also use abstract as a noun for a short summary at the start of a paper — a different sense. Abstract art is non-representational, another specialised use.

Meaning

Existing as an idea, not as a physical thing.

Examples

• “Love is an abstract concept.”
• “Freedom is abstract until you lose it.”
• “Avoid abstract claims that no example can test.”

Good to know

adjective: not physical. Opposite: concrete. noun (journals): a summary.

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