Words / C1

AHB-itr-uh-ree/ˈɑːbɪtrəri/

Arbitrary means a decision rests on personal whim or chance, not on a stated rule, reason, or principle. Native writers use it as criticism: arbitrary cuts, an arbitrary deadline. Random is closer to chance in statistics; arbitrary stresses the lack of justification. Capricious is more about changing mood.

Meaning

Based on personal choice, not on a fair rule or reason.

Examples

• “The seating plan seemed arbitrary.”
• “The word limit felt arbitrary until they explained the marking grid.”
• “Power is dangerous when penalties are arbitrary.”

Good to know

arbitrary = not justified by a rule. random = by chance. Opposite flavour: principled.

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