Words / C1

im-PIR-ikl/ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/

Empirical means based on observation, experiment, or data rather than on theory alone. Native researchers contrast empirical evidence with theoretical claims or speculation. Experimental is narrower (a controlled test). Anecdotal is the weak cousin: a story, not a systematic result.

Meaning

Based on tests, experience, or data, not only theory.

Examples

• “We need empirical evidence, not guesses.”
• “The model is elegant, but the empirical support is thin.”
• “They collected empirical data from classroom recordings.”

Good to know

empirical = from real-world evidence. Opposite flavour: theoretical / speculative.

Near in meaning

evidence-based

New